一、环境
系统 CentOS6.4x64最小化安装
redis-m 192.168.1.13
二、安装redis
下载软件
[root@redis-m ~]# wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-2.8.9.tar.gz
安装
[root@redis-m ~]# tar xf redis-2.8.9.tar.gz [root@redis-m ~]# cd redis-2.8.9[root@redis-m redis-2.8.9]# make[root@redis-m redis-2.8.9]# make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis-2.8.9 install[root@redis-m redis-2.8.9]# ln -s /usr/local/redis-2.8.9/ /usr/local/redis#默认文件[root@redis-m ~]# ll /usr/local/redis/bintotal 13912-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4172184 Jul 26 18:08 redis-benchmark #redis性能测试工具-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22177 Jul 26 18:08 redis-check-aof #对更新日志appendonly.aof检查，是否可用-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 45411 Jul 26 18:08 redis-check-dump #用于本地数据库rdb文件的检查-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4265375 Jul 26 18:08 redis-cli #redis命令行操作工具-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5728711 Jul 26 18:08 redis-server #服务器的daemon启动程序
启动redis
#增加环境变量[root@redis-m ~]# echo 'PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/redis/bin' >>/etc/profile[root@redis-m ~]# source /etc/profile[root@redis-m ~]# which redis-server/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server[root@redis-m ~]# redis-server -hUsage: ./redis-server [/path/to/redis.conf] [options] ./redis-server - (read config from stdin) ./redis-server -v or --version ./redis-server -h or --help ./redis-server --test-memoryExamples: ./redis-server (run the server with default conf) ./redis-server /etc/redis/6379.conf ./redis-server --port 7777 ./redis-server --port 7777 --slaveof 127.0.0.1 8888 ./redis-server /etc/myredis.conf --loglevel verboseSentinel mode: ./redis-server /etc/sentinel.conf --sentinel #启动服务，由于默认是没有配置文件，所以我们从安装目录cp一个配置文件[root@redis-m ~]# mkdir /usr/local/redis/conf[root@redis-m ~]# cp /root/redis-2.8.9/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/conf/#在后台启动[root@redis-m ~]# redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf &[1] 5870[root@redis-m ~]# [5870] 26 Jul 18:24:24.771 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024). _._ _.-``__ ''-._ _.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 2.8.9 (00000000/0) 64 bit .-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._ ( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in stand alone mode |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 6379 | `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 5870 `-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-' |`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'| | `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-' |`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'| | `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-' `-._ `-.__.-' _.-' `-._ _.-' `-.__.-' [5870] 26 Jul 18:24:24.774 # Server started, Redis version 2.8.9[5870] 26 Jul 18:24:24.774 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.[5870] 26 Jul 18:24:24.774 * The server is now ready to accept connections on port 6379[root@redis-m ~]# netstat -tunlp |grep redistcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5870/redis-server * tcp 0 0 :::6379 :::* LISTEN 5870/redis-server *#解决warning警告[root@redis-m ~]# sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1vm.overcommit_memory = 1[root@redis-m ~]# echo "vm.overcommit_memory = 1" >>/etc/sysctl.conf[root@redis-m ~]# sysctl -p#关闭redis服务[root@redis-m ~]# redis-cli shutdown[5870] 26 Jul 18:32:13.908 # User requested shutdown...[5870] 26 Jul 18:32:13.908 * Saving the final RDB snapshot before exiting.[5870] 26 Jul 18:32:13.926 * DB saved on disk[5870] 26 Jul 18:32:13.926 # Redis is now ready to exit, bye bye...[1]+ Done redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf[root@redis-m ~]# netstat -tunlp |grep redis
redis启动脚本
[root@redis-m ~]# cat redis.sh#!/bin/bash# chkconfig: 2345 50 30## description: Redis service##Script:Redis command Redisserver=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-serverRediscli=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cliRedisconf=/usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf function_start(){ printf "start redis-server..." $Redisserver $Redisconf &>/dev/null & if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "runing" fi} function_stop(){ printf "stop redis-server..." $Rediscli -p 6379 shutdown if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "stop" fi} function_restart(){ function_start function_stop} function_kill(){ killall redis-server} function_status(){ a=`ps -A|grep "redis-server\>" -c` if [ $a -ge 1 ];then echo -e "The Redis is [\e[0;32;5m runing \e[0m]" else echo -e "The Redis is [\e[0;31;5m not run \e[0m]" fi} case "$1" in start) function_start ;; stop) function_stop ;; restart) function_stop function_start ;; kill) function_kill ;; status) function_status ;; *) echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/redis {start|stop|restart|kill|status}" esac exit 三、操作redis
[root@redis-m ~]# redis-cli #添加一个值set key value127.0.0.1:6379> set id 001OK127.0.0.1:6379> get id"001"127.0.0.1:6379> del id(integer) 1 #返回1，表示操作成功127.0.0.1:6379> get id(nil)127.0.0.1:6379> exists id #判断一个key是否存在(integer) 0 #返回0表示不存在#切换数据库，默认有16个库，标号从0-15，这里我们切换到1号库127.0.0.1:6379> select 1OK127.0.0.1:6379[1]> keys *(empty list or set)127.0.0.1:6379[1]> set name lyaoOK127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get name"lyao"#切回0号库127.0.0.1:6379[1]> select 0OK127.0.0.1:6379> get name #这个key只在1号库中才有(nil)#其它的连接方法[root@redis-m ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.1.13 -p 6379192.168.1.13:6379> -h #指定主机地址-p #指定端口号#redis使用帮助[root@redis-m ~]# redis-cli 127.0.0.1:6379> helpredis-cli 2.8.9Type: "help @" to get a list of commands in "help " for help on "help " to get a list of possible help topics "quit" to exit127.0.0.1:6379> help set #查询某个命令的使用帮助 SET key value [EX seconds] [PX milliseconds] [NX|XX] summary: Set the string value of a key since: 1.0.0 group: string #查询某类命令127.0.0.1:6379> help @string APPEND key value summary: Append a value to a key since: 2.0.0 BITCOUNT key [start] [end] summary: Count set bits in a string since: 2.6.0 BITOP operation destkey key [key ...] summary: Perform bitwise operations between strings since: 2.6.0 DECR key summary: Decrement the integer value of a key by one since: 1.0.0 DECRBY key decrement summary: Decrement the integer value of a key by the given number since: 1.0.0 GET key summary: Get the value of a key since: 1.0.0 GETBIT key offset summary: Returns the bit value at offset in the string value stored at key since: 2.2.0 GETRANGE key start end summary: Get a substring of the string stored at a key since: 2.4.0 GETSET key value summary: Set the string value of a key and return its old value since: 1.0.0 INCR key summary: Increment the integer value of a key by one since: 1.0.0 INCRBY key increment summary: Increment the integer value of a key by the given amount since: 1.0.0 INCRBYFLOAT key increment summary: Increment the float value of a key by the given amount since: 2.6.0 MGET key [key ...] summary: Get the values of all the given keys since: 1.0.0 MSET key value [key value ...] summary: Set multiple keys to multiple values since: 1.0.1 MSETNX key value [key value ...] summary: Set multiple keys to multiple values, only if none of the keys exist since: 1.0.1 PSETEX key milliseconds value summary: Set the value and expiration in milliseconds of a key since: 2.6.0 SET key value [EX seconds] [PX milliseconds] [NX|XX] summary: Set the string value of a key since: 1.0.0 SETBIT key offset value summary: Sets or clears the bit at offset in the string value stored at key since: 2.2.0 SETEX key seconds value summary: Set the value and expiration of a key since: 2.0.0 SETNX key value summary: Set the value of a key, only if the key does not exist since: 1.0.0 SETRANGE key offset value summary: Overwrite part of a string at key starting at the specified offset since: 2.2.0 STRLEN key summary: Get the length of the value stored in a key since: 2.2.0
四、redis权限
redis为客户端设置外部连接密码
[root@redis-m ~]# vim /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.confrequirepass lyao36843 #相关说明大概在326行，每秒能进行150k次数的密码尝试#重启redis服务[root@redis-m ~]# redis-cli shutdown[5892] 26 Jul 19:49:03.756 # User requested shutdown...[5892] 26 Jul 19:49:03.756 * Saving the final RDB snapshot before exiting.[5892] 26 Jul 19:49:03.789 * DB saved on disk[5892] 26 Jul 19:49:03.789 # Redis is now ready to exit, bye bye...[1]+ Done redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf[root@redis-m ~]# redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf &[root@redis-m ~]# redis-cli 127.0.0.1:6379> set k v(error) NOAUTH Authentication required. #提示权限不够#设置密码后，在进行命令操作之前，需要进行auth认证127.0.0.1:6379> auth lyao36843OK127.0.0.1:6379> set k vOK127.0.0.1:6379> get k"v" #能够正常增加值#另外一种连接方式[root@redis-m ~]# redis-cli -a lyao36843127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 v1OK127.0.0.1:6379> get k1"v1"
五、redis数据类型
数据类型有string,list,set,hash这几种
string类型
127.0.0.1:6379> set mykey "my binary safe value"OK127.0.0.1:6379> get mykey"my binary safe value"#用来计数127.0.0.1:6379> set counter 1OK127.0.0.1:6379> incr counter #自增(integer) 2127.0.0.1:6379> incr counter(integer) 3127.0.0.1:6379> incr counter(integer) 4127.0.0.1:6379> decr counter #自减(integer) 3127.0.0.1:6379> decr counter(integer) 2#getset用法127.0.0.1:6379> set name lyaoOK127.0.0.1:6379> getset name lyao36843 #先获取name的值，然后将name的值更新为lyao36843"lyao"127.0.0.1:6379> get name"lyao36843"#批量操作127.0.0.1:6379> mset name1 tom age 26 sex maleOK127.0.0.1:6379> mget name1 age sex1) "tom"2) "26"3) "male"#给值追加内容127.0.0.1:6379> get name1"tom"127.0.0.1:6379> append name1 "teacher"(integer) 10127.0.0.1:6379> get name1"tomteacher"
六、redis多实例
[root@redis-m ~]# mkdir -p /data/6380/data[root@redis-m ~]# mkdir -p /data/6381/data[root@redis-m ~]# cp /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf /data/6380[root@redis-m ~]# cp /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf /data/6381#编辑6380的配置文件[root@redis-m ~]# vim /data/6380/redis.confdir /data/6380/data #修改dump文件的数据目录port 6380 #修改端口号pidfile /data/6380/redis.pid #修改pid文件路径#编辑6381的配置文件[root@redis-m ~]# vim /data/6381/redis.conf pidfile /data/6381/redis.pidport 6381dir /data/6381/data#启动多实例[root@redis-m ~]# redis-server /data/6380/redis.conf &[root@redis-m ~]# redis-server /data/6381/redis.conf &#查看端口[root@redis-m ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep redistcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5956/redis-server * tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6380 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6156/redis-server * tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6381 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6161/redis-server * tcp 0 0 :::6379 :::* LISTEN 5956/redis-server * tcp 0 0 :::6380 :::* LISTEN 6156/redis-server * tcp 0 0 :::6381 :::* LISTEN 6161/redis-server * #从上面结果我们能看到，6379,6380,6381这3个redis实例都正常运行起来了#连接到6380实例[root@redis-m ~]# redis-cli -p 6380127.0.0.1:6380> auth lyao36843OK127.0.0.1:6380> set name k1OK127.0.0.1:6380> get name"k1"127.0.0.1:6380> quit#连接到6381实例[root@redis-m ~]# redis-cli -p 6381127.0.0.1:6381> auth lyao36843OK127.0.0.1:6381> set web httpdOK127.0.0.1:6381> get web"httpd"127.0.0.1:6381> quit
七、主从配置
主从同步基本原理如下
1.slave服务器连接到master服务器
2.slave服务器发送sync命令
3.master备份数据到.rdb文件
4.master把.rdb文件传输给slave服务器
5.slave把.rdb文件导入到数据库中
下面的主从配置，我们使用2个redis实例进行
#启动6379,6380配置[root@redis-m ~]# netstat -tunlp |grep redistcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1634/redis-server * tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6380 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1647/redis-server * tcp 0 0 :::6379 :::* LISTEN 1634/redis-server * tcp 0 0 :::6380 :::* LISTEN 1647/redis-server * #我们以6379作为主，6380作为主，编辑6380的配置文件[root@redis-m ~]# vim /data/6380/redis.confslaveof 192.168.1.13 6379 #指定master的IP和端口信息masterauth#这一项是设置master的密码的，我们没有密码所有没有进行设置#重启6380的redis服务[root@redis-m ~]# redis-cli -p 6380 shutdown[1647] 28 Jul 14:25:48.209 # User requested shutdown...[1647] 28 Jul 14:25:48.210 * Saving the final RDB snapshot before exiting.[1647] 28 Jul 14:25:48.223 * DB saved on disk[1647] 28 Jul 14:25:48.225 # Redis is now ready to exit, bye bye...[root@redis-m ~]# netstat -tunlp |grep redistcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1634/redis-server * tcp 0 0 :::6379 :::* LISTEN 1634/redis-server * [root@redis-m ~]# redis-server /data/6380/redis.conf &[2] 1676[root@redis-m ~]# [1676] 28 Jul 14:26:40.304 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024). _._ _.-``__ ''-._ _.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 2.8.9 (00000000/0) 64 bit .-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._ ( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in stand alone mode |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 6380 | `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 1676 `-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-' |`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'| | `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-' |`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'| | `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-' `-._ `-.__.-' _.-' `-._ _.-' `-.__.-' [1676] 28 Jul 14:26:40.307 # Server started, Redis version 2.8.9[1676] 28 Jul 14:26:40.308 * DB loaded from disk: 0.000 seconds[1676] 28 Jul 14:26:40.308 * The server is now ready to accept connections on port 6380[1676] 28 Jul 14:26:41.308 * Connecting to MASTER 192.168.1.13:6379[1676] 28 Jul 14:26:41.308 * MASTER <-> SLAVE sync started[1676] 28 Jul 14:26:41.308 * Non blocking connect for SYNC fired the event.[1676] 28 Jul 14:26:41.308 * Master replied to PING, replication can continue...[1676] 28 Jul 14:26:41.308 * Partial resynchronization not possible (no cached master)[1634] 28 Jul 14:26:41.308 * Slave asks for synchronization[1634] 28 Jul 14:26:41.308 * Full resync requested by slave.[1634] 28 Jul 14:26:41.308 * Starting BGSAVE for SYNC[1676] 28 Jul 14:26:41.310 * Full resync from master: 5e26f07d111a362449cd1fecfc4d720019e66339:1[1634] 28 Jul 14:26:41.318 * Background saving started by pid 1679[1679] 28 Jul 14:26:41.349 * DB saved on disk[1679] 28 Jul 14:26:41.350 * RDB: 6 MB of memory used by copy-on-write[1634] 28 Jul 14:26:41.367 * Background saving terminated with success[1634] 28 Jul 14:26:41.368 * Synchronization with slave succeeded#下面是主从建立后的同步信息[1676] 28 Jul 14:26:41.368 * MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: receiving 150 bytes from master[1676] 28 Jul 14:26:41.368 * MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: Flushing old data[1676] 28 Jul 14:26:41.368 * MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: Loading DB in memory[1676] 28 Jul 14:26:41.368 * MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: Finished with success#测试连接到主redis上[root@redis-m ~]# redis-cli -p 6379127.0.0.1:6379> set docker kvm #增加一个key为docker，值为kvmOK127.0.0.1:6379> get docker"kvm"#在从redis上查看结果[root@redis-m ~]# redis-cli -p 6380127.0.0.1:6380> get docker #从库已经将数据同步过来，在从库上能正常查询到结果"kvm"#在redis的主从结构中slave是不能写数据的127.0.0.1:6380> set ldap lyao(error) READONLY You can't write against a read only slave. #提示slave是只读的#查看slave的replication信息[root@redis-m ~]# redis-cli -p 6380 info replication# Replicationrole:slavemaster_host:192.168.1.13master_port:6379master_link_status:upmaster_last_io_seconds_ago:5master_sync_in_progress:0slave_repl_offset:2004slave_priority:100slave_read_only:1connected_slaves:0master_repl_offset:0repl_backlog_active:0repl_backlog_size:1048576repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0repl_backlog_histlen:0#查看master的replication的信息[root@redis-m ~]# redis-cli -p 6379 info replication# Replicationrole:masterconnected_slaves:1slave0:ip=192.168.1.13,port=6380,state=online,offset=2074,lag=1master_repl_offset:2074repl_backlog_active:1repl_backlog_size:1048576repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:2repl_backlog_histlen:2073
八、redis设置key过期时间
[root@redis-m ~]# redis-cli -p 6379127.0.0.1:6379> keys * 1) "age" 2) "counter" 3) "sex" 4) "mykey" 5) "k1" 6) "name" 7) "docker" 8) "name1" 9) "anme1"10) "k"127.0.0.1:6379> flushdb #删除当前库所有数据OK127.0.0.1:6379> keys *(empty list or set)#重新设置一个key为name,值为lyao127.0.0.1:6379> set name lyaoOK127.0.0.1:6379> ttl name(integer) -1 #-1表示永不过期127.0.0.1:6379> expire name 10 #设置key的过期时间是10s(integer) 1127.0.0.1:6379> ttl name(integer) 8127.0.0.1:6379> ttl name(integer) -2127.0.0.1:6379> ttl name(integer) -2127.0.0.1:6379> get name #key已经过期(nil)